Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology
Article Title: Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides improves sperm motility via the gut microbiota and the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1711475
Figure Lengend Snippet: MOS improves sperm function by activating the IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR pathway. (A) Western blot analysis of protein expression of p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-PI3K, PI3K, Bcl-2, IGF-1, and Cleaved Caspase-3 ( n = 3). (B) Total sperm motility analysis ( n = 5). (C) Progressive sperm motility analysis ( n = 5). (D) Serum FSH levels detection ( n = 5). (E) Western blot analysis of IGF-1/PI3K/mTOR pathway-related protein expression in different treatment groups ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the model group, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Akt, Protein Kinase B; mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor 1; FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone; Rapa, Rapamycin.
Article Snippet: After blocking with 5% BSA at room temperature for 1 h, membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies: Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, 9272, 1: 1,000), phosphorylated Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, 9271, 1: 1,000), IGF-1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 73034, 1: 1,000), PI3K (Cell Signaling Technology, 4257, 1: 1,000), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K; Cell Signaling Technology, 17366, 1: 1,000), mTOR (Cell Signaling Technology, 2983, 1: 1,000), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR; Cell Signaling Technology, 5536, 1: 1,000), Cleaved Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9661, 1: 1,000) and GAPDH (Abcam, ab128915, 1: 10,000).
Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing